Protective effect of Asarum polysaccharide on H1N1 influenza virus infection and expression of inflammatory factors / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, Asarum polysaccharides(AP) were extracted, and its composition was analyzed to study the activity against H1 N1 influenza virus in vitro and its intervention effect on mice with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. AP was prepared by the strategy of water extraction and alcohol precipitation, the content was determined, and its monosaccharide composition was analyzed. The cell Real-time monitoring system and Reed-Muench model were adopted to evaluate the antiviral activity of AP in vitro. And the mouse model of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was established in vivo to compare the efficacy of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Decoction(MXF) and AP. MXF group and AP group were treated with clinical equivalent doses of 1.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) and 0.077 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) respectively, once a day for 6 consecutive days. Real-time PCR was used to detect the relative expression of M gene of H1 N1 influenza virus and cytokines in lung tissue. The content of AP in Asarum was 25.22%, and the protein content was 0.8%. And the monosaccharide composition was identified as L-rhamnose, D-arabinose, D-xylose, D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. TI values of Tamiflu, MXF and AP were 30.00, 8.06 and 10.33, respectively. Three different doses of AP could significantly reduce the concentration of virus in supernatant. Compared with the model mice, lung indexes of MXF group and AP group decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the relative expression of M gene decreased significantly(P<0.05). The relative expressions of IL-10 and IFN-γ were up-regulated to varying degrees, while the relative gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 were down-regulated to different degrees. In addition, AP could significantly enhance the expression of TNF-α(P<0.01). AP had a good anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, and could protect mice with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome by reducing the viral load in lung tissue, decreasing inflammation damage in lung tissue, and regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Compared with the prescription of MXF, AP had a better antiviral activity.

Medial support nail and proximal femoral nail antirotation in the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesfrogen/Orthopedic Trauma Association 31-A3.1): a finite-element analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fracture is a distinct fracture pattern that is mechanically different from most inter-trochanteric fractures and the optional treatment of it is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the efficacy of a novel nail (medial support nail [MSN-II]) and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) in the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesfrogen/Orthopedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] 31-A3.1) using finite-element analysis.@*METHODS@#Modeling software was used to establish a three-dimensional model of MSN-II and PFNA-II and an A3.1 inter-trochanteric fracture model. Abaqus software was used to implement different force loads to compare finite-element biomechanical parameters such as the maximum stress in implant and the displacement of fracture site.@*RESULTS@#The femoral stress, implant stress and fracture site displacement of MSN-II was less than that of PFNA-II. The results indicated that the maximal femoral stress was 581 MPa for PFNA-II and 443 MPa for the MSN-II. The maximum stress values in the PFNA-II and MSN-II models were 291 and 241 MPa, respectively. The maximal displacements of the fracture site were 1.47 and 1.16 mm in the PFNA-II and MSN-II models, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with PFNA-II for inter-trochanteric fracture (AO/OTA 31-A3.1), MSN-II which was designed with a triangular stability structure can provide better biomechanical stability. The MSN-II may be a feasible option for the treatment of reverse obliquity inter-trochanteric fracture.

Biomechanical study on the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of A3.3 type with medial sustainable nail and proximal femoral anti-rotation nail / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#A3 intertrochanteric fracture is an extremely unstable fracture, which is often treated with intramedullary nail, but the implant failure is common due to the posterior medial fragment cannot be reconstructed. A new medial sustainable nail (MSN-Ⅱ) which can reconstruct the femoral medial support by sustainable screw was introduced in this study. The mechanical effect was verified by biomechanical experiment.@*METHODS@#The loss medial support model of intertrochanteric fracture (A3) was made by artificial Sawbones model, fixed with MSN-Ⅱ and PFNA-Ⅱ, underwent axial loading and axial failure tests. The axial stiffness, yield load, displacement of head-neck fragment and torsional angle of fracture site of these nails were recorded and compared for biomechanical differences. The effect of early reconstruction of medial support with MSN-Ⅱ was determined.@*RESULTS@#The axial stiffness, yield load, the displacement of head and neck fragment when the axial load was 1 800 N and torsional angle of the fracture site after the axial failure test of MSN-Ⅱ were (222.76 ±62.46) N /mm, (4 241.71 ±847.42) N, (11.51 ±0.62) mm, (1.71 ±0.10)° respectively, while the PFNA -Ⅱ was (184.58±40.59) N /mm, (3 058.76±379.63) N, (16.15±1.36) mm, (2.52±0.26)°respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#The axial stiffness of MSN-Ⅱ is better than that of PFNA-Ⅱ. The MSN-Ⅱ can bear more loads when fixed A3.3 intertrochanteric fracture and has greater axial and rotational stability. It is an effective means to reconstruct the medial support of A3 intertrochanteric fracture.

Panax Notoginseng Flower Extracted by Methanol on Platelet Function in Healthy Human in Vitro / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Panax Notoginseng flower（PNFM）on platelet function in healthy human.【Methods】Platelet rich plasma were separated from venous blood of healthy volunteers and incubated with different concentrations（0，100，300 and 500 μg/mL）of PNFM for 20 min. After using ADP as agonist， granule-secretion were tested by CD62P expression and ATP release；integrin-αIIbβ3 activation was examined by PAC-1； Test platelet aggregation by turbidimetry ；Immunofluorescence examine platelet spreading on fibrinogen ；Changes in cytoplasmic calcium was studied using Fluo 3-AM，calcium ionophore. 【Results】After using ADP as agonist ，PNFM significantly inhibited platelet aggregation，compared to the control group（72.00±6.08），the 500μg/mL group decreased to 35.67±3.78（P<0.01）；Compared to the control group（30.05±6.48），PNFM reduced the CD62P expression on platelet surface，the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 2.66±0.90（P<0.001）；PNFM inhibited the expression of PAC-1 as a marker of the integrin- αIIbβ3 comformation，compared to the control group（33.37 ± 8.12），the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 11.89±6.12（P<0.01）；Compared to the control group（1.93±0.47），all dose groups attenuated platelet ATP release，the 500 μg/mL group decreased to 35.67±3.78（P<0.01）；Results demonstrated that 500 μg/mL PNFM markedly decreases the surface area of the spreading platelets（89.57±17.34 to 25.12±3.52，P<0.001），and all doses were affected；The Ca2 + mobilization was also reduced by all PNFM doses，compared to the control group（183.87 ± 11.59），the 500 μg/mL group was decreased to 71.25±5.33（P<0.001）.【Conclusions】PNFM attenuated platelet activation，spreading，and aggregation； Our results provided new ideas for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Three-dimensional mapping of intertrochanteric fracture lines / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Available research about the anatomic patterns of intertrochanteric fractures is lacking, and fracture mapping has not previously been performed on intertrochanteric fractures. This study aimed to determine the major trajectories of intertrochanteric fracture lines using computed tomography data from a series of surgically treated patients.@*Methods@#In this study, 504 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Fracture patterns were graded according to Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. Fracture lines were transcribed onto proximal femoral templates and graphically superimposed to create a compilation of fracture maps that were subsequently divided into anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial fracture maps to create a three-dimensional (3D) pattern by reducing fragments in the 3D models. The fracture maps were then converted into frequency spectra. The major fracture patterns were assessed by focusing on the lateral femoral wall, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, and inner cortical buttress.@*Results@#Anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial fracture maps were created. The majority of fracture lines (85.9%, 433/504) on the anterior maps were along the intertrochanteric line where the iliofemoral ligament was attached. In the medial plane, the majority of fracture lines (49.0%, 247/504) shown on the frequency spectrum included the turning point involving the third quadrant. In the posterior plane, the majority of fracture lines (52.0%, 262/504) involved the intertrochanteric crest from the greater to the lesser trochanter. In the lateral plane, the majority of fracture lines (62.7%, 316/504) involved the greater trochanter at the gluteus medius attachment.@*Conclusions@#The fracture patterns observed in the present study might be used to describe morphologic characteristics and aid with management strategies. Further classifications or modifications that incorporate the fracture patterns identified in this study may be used in future research.

Three-dimensional mapping of intertrochanteric fracture lines / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Available research about the anatomic patterns of intertrochanteric fractures is lacking, and fracture mapping has not previously been performed on intertrochanteric fractures. This study aimed to determine the major trajectories of intertrochanteric fracture lines using computed tomography data from a series of surgically treated patients.@*METHODS@#In this study, 504 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Fracture patterns were graded according to Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. Fracture lines were transcribed onto proximal femoral templates and graphically superimposed to create a compilation of fracture maps that were subsequently divided into anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial fracture maps to create a three-dimensional (3D) pattern by reducing fragments in the 3D models. The fracture maps were then converted into frequency spectra. The major fracture patterns were assessed by focusing on the lateral femoral wall, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, and inner cortical buttress.@*RESULTS@#Anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial fracture maps were created. The majority of fracture lines (85.9%, 433/504) on the anterior maps were along the intertrochanteric line where the iliofemoral ligament was attached. In the medial plane, the majority of fracture lines (49.0%, 247/504) shown on the frequency spectrum included the turning point involving the third quadrant. In the posterior plane, the majority of fracture lines (52.0%, 262/504) involved the intertrochanteric crest from the greater to the lesser trochanter. In the lateral plane, the majority of fracture lines (62.7%, 316/504) involved the greater trochanter at the gluteus medius attachment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The fracture patterns observed in the present study might be used to describe morphologic characteristics and aid with management strategies. Further classifications or modifications that incorporate the fracture patterns identified in this study may be used in future research.

Preparation instructions for Experts consensus statement on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao in clinical practice / 中国中药杂志

As a topical plaster developed by modern pharmaceutical technology based on traditional Tibetan medicine,Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao has functions of promoting blood circulation,relieving swelling and relieving pain. Since its introduction in 1993,it has been widely used in the treatment of various types of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain and various types of spinal,joint and soft tissue diseases. In order to better standardize the clinical application and improve the clinical efficacy of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao,the research and development work of the Experts consensus statement on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao in clinical practice was officially launched on October 19,2017,upon approval from China Association of Chinese Medicine. In this paper,main R&D process and related technical links for the experts consensus on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao would be summarized,which will help the various medical workers understand,master and apply more accurately,and also provide reference for the development of experts consensus on clinical application of other topical Chinese medicines.

Structural characterization of Glehniae Radix polysaccharides using partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

Water-soluble polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine have properties of complex structure and high molecular, resulting in hardly complete their structural characterization.However, a "bottom-up" approach could solve this problem.Glehniae Radix extract was extracted with hot water and then precipitated by 40% ethanol to obtain Glehniae Radix polysaccharides (RGP). Subsequently, a partial acid hydrolysis method was carried out and the effects of acid concentration, time and temperature on hydrolysis were investigated. Under the optimum hydrolysis condition (1.5 mol•L⁻¹ trifluoroacetic acid, 4 h, and 80 ℃), RGP were hydrolyzed to characteristic oligosaccharide fragments. Futher, a hydrophilic liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry method was used for the separation and structural characterization of the polysaccharide hydrolysates. According to MS and MS/MS analysis of several standard disaccharides, a method for determining the type of polysaccharide glycosidic linkage by mass spectrometry was established. The results showed that the polysaccharide hydrolysates were linear glucan containing 1, 4-glycosidic bonds. And gluco-oligosaccharides with the degrees of polymerization (DP) of 4-11 were obtained after partial acid hydrolysis.

Effects of Calcium Sulfate Combined with Platelet-rich Plasma on Restoration of Long Bone Defect in Rabbits / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The treatment for long bone defects has been a hot topic in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of calcium sulfate (CS) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on long bone defect restoration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A radial bone defect model was constructed through an osteotomy using New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group): a CS combined with PRP (CS-PRP) group, a CS group, a PRP group, and a positive (recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2) control group. PRP was prepared from autologous blood using a two-step centrifugation process. CS-PRP was obtained by mixing hemihydrate CS with PRP. Radiographs and histologic micrographs were generated. The percentage of bone regenerated bone area in each rabbit was calculated at 10 weeks. One-way analysis of variance was performed in this study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The radiographs and histologic micrographs showed bone restoration in the CS-PRP and positive control groups, while nonunion was observed in the CS and PRP groups. The percentages of bone regenerated bone area in the CS-PRP (84.60 ± 2.87%) and positive control (52.21 ± 4.53%) groups were significantly greater than those in the CS group (12.34 ± 2.17%) and PRP group (16.52 ± 4.22%) (P < 0.001). In addition, the bone strength of CS-PRP group (43.10 ± 4.10%) was significantly greater than that of the CS group (20.10 ± 3.70%) or PRP group (25.10 ± 2.10%) (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CS-PRP functions as an effective treatment for long bone defects through stimulating bone regeneration and enhancing new bone strength.</p>

Clinical results of arthroscopic suture for meniscal tear in middle aged adults / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics and clinical effect of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for osteoarthritis and (or) avascular necrosis of femoral head after failure of internal fixation of acetabular fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2009 to October 2014, 31 patients (31 hips) with hip traumatic osteoarthritis and (or) femoral head avascular necrosis after failure of internal fixation of acetabular fracture were treated with THA including 26 males and 5 females, who injured when the average age of(41±12) years. THA were performed, and the duration ranged from 3 to 132 months with a mean of(20.6±26.9) months secondary to traumatic osteoarthritis and(or) femoral head avascular necrosis. All THA were performed with posterior-lateral approach. The postoperative complications were observed. VAS and Harris hip scores were compared pre-operation and post-operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-seven cases were followed up, and the duration ranged from 12 to 80 months with a mean of (43.2±11.7) months. One patient had infection around prosthesis. Aseptic loosening occurred in 1 patient, dislocation of prosthesis in 1 patient. No sciatic nerve injury occurred. Hip function and gaits were obviously improved. To the last follow-up, VAS score was decreased from 7.6±1.2 pre-operatively to 1.2±0.9 post-operatively, while the Harris score was improved from 45.5±13.6 pre-operatively to 88.5±7.8 post-operatively, both differences were statistically significant(<0.01). The post-operative ROM of hip was significantly improved compared to pre-operative ROM(<0.05), in addition to extension motion. X-ray showed all the acetabular cups were stable, one femur stem subsided 3 mm. Heterotopic ossification occurred in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Correct dealing with of internal fixation implants, looking out potential infection and reasonable reconstruction of acetabular bone deficiency were the key to the success of THA for osteoarthritis and(or) avascular necrosis of femoral head after failure of internal fixation of acetabular fracture.</p>

Treatment of clavicular fractures using intramedullary nailing or K-wire versus plating fixation: a meta-analysis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>TFo compare the efficacy and complications rate of intramedullary (IM) nailing or K-wire versus plating fixation for clavicular fractures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, CNKI, VIP and Wangfang databases were searched to find all randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of clavicle fractures using plating versus IM nailing or K-wire. The methodologic quality of the studies was assessed. After independent study selection by 2 authors ,data were collected and extracted independently. Outcomes of postoperative shoulder functional measurement, the efficacy and information of the operation and complications rate were meta-analyzed using RevMan 5 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine hundreds and seventy-six patients in 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 3 quasi-RCTs were involved in the meta-analysis,of which 5 studies compared the K-wire and the plating fixations and 8 studies compared the IM nailing and the plating fixations. The overall odds ratio(OR) (with 95% CI) of the operation efficacy for K-wire versus the plating was 3.79 (1.93, 7.46). The overall weighted mean difference (with 95% CI) of Constant Shoulder score for plating versus IM fixation was -1.39 (-3.43, 0.65) in 6 studies. The overall OR of the plating versus IM nailing was 9.34(2.70, 32.32) for the overall major complications in 5 studies and 5.04 (1.52,16.77) for the revision rate in 5 studies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The current limited evidences suggested that the IM fixation could reduce the incidences of the overall major complications and the revision surgery, while the post-operative efficacy of the plating was superior to the K-wire. More high quality RCTs are still needed in the future.</p>

Progress on treatment and research of quadrilateral plate fractures of acetabular / 中国骨伤

Acetabular is an important human joint for weight bearing. Quadrilateral plate is a crucial structure of medial acetabulum with special morphology and important function. Quadrilateral plate fractures are common fracture in acetabulum. Quadrilateral plate fracture is hard to expose and reduction because it is in the medial of acetabulum. At the same time,the bone in the quadrilateral plate is not easy to fixed for thinning bones and adjacent to the articular cavity. The operator should know well about the anatomy and choose the suitable internal fixation. After quadrilateral plate fractures, the femur head maybe displace medially even break into pelvis. That make reduction and treatment always be a challenge. With different kinds of fractures,the efficacy of treatment is not the same. This paper intend to review the relation of anatomic features,approaches, internal fixations, key point of treatment and efficacy.

Comparative study of perpendicular versus parallel double plating methods for type C distal humeral fractures / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Double plate osteosynthesis is the standard treatment for intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus. However, there is still controversy concerning dual plate positions in terms of providing optimal stability. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients with type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures using perpendicular and parallel plating methods.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between March 2008 and June 2011, a total of 45 patients with type C distal humerus fractures were treated using two different dual plating methods. Of them, 24 patients were treated by perpendicular plating (group I) and 21 patients were treated by parallel plating (group II). The surgical time, blood loss, and union time were compared between the two groups. The flexion-extension arc, the total range of flexion and extension at the end of follow-up were compared between the two groups. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to determine the elbow functional results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up. The mean duration of follow-up was 16 months (range 12 - 25 months) in group I and 15.5 months in group II (range 12 - 25 months). There were no significant differences in the surgical time, blood loss, and the bone union time between the two groups. In group I, the mean elbow flexion-extension arc was 101° and the mean MEPS was 85 points. The rate of excellent and good results was 87.5%. In group II, the mean flexion-extension arc was 100° and the mean MEPS was 86.1 points. The rate of excellent and good results was 90.5%. There were no significant differences in the MEPS, flexion-extension arc, and the total range of flexion and extension between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Perpendicular and parallel plate configurations with the appropriate surgical techniques can provide anatomical reconstruction and stable fixation of type C intra-articular distal humeral fractures and allow early mobilization of the elbow after an operation. The occurrence of post-operative elbow stiffness can be reduced and good outcomes can be obtained.</p>

Early posterior spinal canal decompression and circumferential reconstruction of rotationally unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with neurological deficit / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Among the various treatments of neurologically involved unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures, the combination of anterior and posterior instrumentation provides the most stable reconstruction. However, the use of both approaches on a trauma patient may increase the morbidity. This study is a retrospective matched cohort study to evaluate the advantages of a single stage posterior approach for spinal canal decompression in combination with circumferential reconstruction by comparing the clinical and radiographic results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2005 to September 2009, patients with matched type spinal fracture, ages at surgery, and involved levels in our institute underwent either a single stage posterior approach (group one, n = 12) or traditional combined approach (group two, n = 14) for spinal canal decompression and circumferential reconstruction were reviewed. Pre- and post-operative X-ray flms were reviewed and changes in Cobb angle of thoracolumbar spine were documented. Intra-operative, post-operative, and general complications were registered.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow-up was (27.7 ± 9.6) months (range, 14 to 56 months) in group one and (29.2 ± 7.4) months (range, 20 to 60 months) in group two (P > 0.05). The mean operation time was 214 minutes (range, 186 ± 327 minutes) in group one and 284 minutes (range, 219 ± 423 minutes) in group two (P < 0.05). The average volume of intraoperative blood loss was 1856 ml (range, 1250 ± 3480 ml) in group one and 2453 ml (range, 1600 ± 3680 ml) in group two (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the groups one and two in average vertebral body height loss at the injured level and the average Cobb angle in sagittal plane before and immediately after surgery. Postoperatively, there was an epidural hematoma in one patient in group one and two patients in group two. Bony union after stabilization was obtained in all patients, without loosening or breakage of screws. Loss of correction (5°) was seen in 1 patient in group one at the 6th month owing to the subsidence of the Titanium mesh cages into the vertebra. In group two, totally four patients suffered respiratory-related complication, including pneumonia in two, severe atelectasis in one and pleural effusions in one. Importantly, there were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths in any group. All patients with incomplete neurologic deficits improved at least 1 Frankel grade.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Single-stage posterior vertebra resection in combination with circumferential reconstruction is a new option to manage severe thoracolumbar burst fractures.</p>

Inhibitory effect of recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein on bone loss in ovariectomized mice / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare inhibitory effects of recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein with bisphosphonate treatment (ALN) on osteoclasts activity and bone loss in ovariectomized mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four female KM mice were ovariectomized bilaterally and treated with recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein, alendronate, or PBS. Twelve weeks later, body weight, biochemical markers of bone metabolism, Micro CT scan and bone morphology were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 12 weeks administration, the Micro CT scan and bone morphology values of each group were as follow. The control group: BMD (92.600 +/- 14.319) mg/cc, Tb.Th (0.094 +/- 0.011) mm, Tb.Sp (0.455 +/- 0.124) mm, BVF 0.192 +/- 0.023, SMI 1.388 +/- 0.328; the recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein group: BMD (133.050 +/- 13.022) mg/cc, Tb.Th (0.098 +/- 0.009) mm, Tb.Sp (0.365 +/- 0.105) mm,BVF (0.291 +/- 0.025)%, SMI 0.661 +/- 0.384; the ALN group: BMD(128.013 +/- 16.040) mg/cc, Tb.Th (0.097 +/- 0.011) mm, Tb.Sp (0.376 +/- 0.104) mm, BVF 0.281 +/- 0.024, SMI 0.753 +/- 0.307. In the ovariectomized mice experiments, both recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein and ALN significantly inhibited ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Compared to the control group (PBS), the recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein group showed increased distal femur BMD and decreased trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp), whereas the control group had significantly decreased distal femur BMD, significantly decreased Tb.Th, and increased Tb.Sp. There was a significant difference in bone volume fraction among the groups. The TRAP-positive osteoclasts in distal femur bone slices were nearly complete inhibited for Recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein group and alendronate group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In vivo, recombinant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB protein effectively inhibits the activity of osteoclasts and the resulting bone loss, which has a similar effect as alendronate.</p>

Biological changes after axonal stretch and their mechanisms / 中国医学科学院学报

Research on peripheral nervous injuries, especially the stretched injuries, is important to improve the clinical effectiveness and alleviate the patients's pain. In recent years, the biological changes and mechanics of stretched axons have been hot topics. This article reviews the recent advances in the morphological changes of axons as well as changes in cellular membrane, cytoskeleton, cellular metabolism, and action potential after axonal stretch.

Finite element analysis on a modified cannulated screw for fixation of femoral neck fracture / 医用生物力学

Objective To establish the three-dimensional finite element model of the cannulated screws for fixing the femoral neck fracture, and investigate stress distributions on three cannulated screws as well as determine whether internal fixation by a modified cannulated screw can provide sufficient stiffness and strength for the fixation. Methods The 3D finite element model was internal-fixed at the angle of 127°with femoral shaft under the inverted triangle mode to simulate loading on single legged standing condition. Stresses on three screws (No 1: the underneath screw, No 2: the anterosuperior screw, No 3: the posterosuperior screw) were calculated at different Pauwels angle (50°, 60°, 70°, 80°), respectively. A bore was drilled in the screw with the largest stress to study the effect of bore size and bore direction on the femoral neck fracture model with screw fixation. Results The stresses of three screws increased with the Pauwels angle increasing and reached the maximum value at 80°. The maximum stresses on No.1, No.2 and No.3 screw were 304, 515 and 154 MPa, respectively. When the No 2 screw had an opening bore with 1 mm in diameter, and the direction of the bore was not between 150°and 195°, the stresses on three screws were all within the safe limits. Conclusions From the mechanical point of view, three screws are subject to different stresses. The cannulated screws with side bore have good biomechanical properties for fixing the femoral neck fracture with safety and reliability, which can provide advantages for accelerating fracture healing by injecting drugs through the central and side bore into the fracture side.

Identification of Chinese traditional medicine Angelicae Pubescentis Radix from different places by fourier transform infrared spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

Common and variation peak rates were calculated as dual-index for drug samples based on the infrared spectrogram of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix samples from different places. The results indicated that the common peak rates of 4 samples from Sichuan province, 2 samples from Gansu province, and 2 samples from Hubei province were higher than 73% , 79. 5% and 76. 3%, respectively. Also, the variation peak rates of 2 samples from Gansu province were lower than 12. 9%. Therefore, there is similar germplasm resources and similar chemical composition in the samples originated from the same place. However, for the samples originated from different places, their germplasm resources and chemical composition maybe have been changed. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry could be used to evaluate the rule of the fingerprint and overview of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix originated from different places by its changes of germplasm resources and chemical composition.

New research progress on atrophic nonunion / 中国骨伤

Occurance of atrophic nonunion is a complex process. Previous studies suggested that atrophic nonunion was mainly due to lack of blood supply of fracture fragments, but recent studies found that blood supply was not deficiency in middle and late stages, indicating that decreased osteogenic factors and blood supply in early stages might play an important role in morbidity. Current effective treatment measures for atrophic nonunion mainly include bone graft and fixation,physical therapy, local injection therapy. All-round preventive could reduce incidence of atrophic nonunion. Atrophic nonunion is still a troublesome complication of fractures in orthopaedics, and more attention should be paid for its effective prevention and treatment. The paper summarized recent original articles about atrophic nonunion and reviewed the occurrence mechanisms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment measures of this disease.

Pilon fractures: a new classification and therapeutic strategies / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Operative decision-making of Pilon fractures are of great challenges until now. The aim of this study was to investigate the guidance of the four-column theory in decision-making therapeutic strategies for Pilon fractures and its result.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ten cases (107 patients) of Pilon fractures classified by the four-column theory and treated by ORIF, were reviewed. According to the four-column classification scheme, lateral column of 85 cases, posterior column of 66 cases, medial column of 77 cases, and anterior column of 61 cases are involved. Among all the 110 cases, single column of 14 cases, two columns of 46 cases, three columns of 17 cases, and all of four columns of 33 cases are involved.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and eight cases have been followed up. The average follow up time is 14.7 months, varying between 7 and 52 months. The average healing time is 3.6 months, ranging from 2.5 to 8.0 months. Reduction of 86.1% reviewed Pilon cases are good or acceptable according to Burwell and Charley's Radiology Evaluation System. Ankle function of 87.1% cases are excellent or good according to the AOFAS evaluation system.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As a simple and comprehensive classification, the four-column classification can contribute to reasonable operation decision-making and good prognosis of Pilon fracture.</p>